Friday, September 7, 2007

1st Test SG

1) Know the different levels of a food/energy pyramid. Which types of organisms are typically found at each level and what do they eat.

- Primary Consumer (plants) & Primary (herbivores),
Secondary (carnivores), Tertiary, and Quaternary Consumer.


2) Know the definition/functions of producers, consumers and decomposers.

- Producers: Autotrophs, converts inorganic cmpds to organic cmpds. Makes own food.
- Consumers: Heterotrophs, can’t make own food. Eats other organisms to get energy.
- Decomposers: Break down complex organic cmpds, while “cleaning” the waste.

3) Know which levels of food web/energy pyramids they occupy and examples of each in the terrestrial and aquatic biomes.


- Terrestrial: Grass è Grasshopper è Snake è Eagle è Fungi
- Aquatic: Phytoplankton è Zooplankton è Lantern fish è Squid

4) Know how to interpret food chains and webs, know there are similar trophic levels within a web.

- Trophic levels are the feeding position in a food web.

5) Know why there are limitations to the length of food chains/webs.

- B/C there is a loss of energy b/t trophic levels, there can only be so many trophic levels to sustain enough energy.

6) Know what biological magnification is and how/why it occurs, which levels of the food chain are most “toxic” if ingested. How does this contamination affect their young.

- A cumulative increase in the concentration of a persistent particle in successively higher levels of the food chain.

7) Know what a niche is and why they exist in nature.

- Niche : The sum total of an organism‘s utilization of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment.
- When resources are limited, coexisting species can resource partion to use different niches available in the environment.

8) Know the difference b/t DD & DI

- DD: have an increased effect on population as population density increases. Neg. feedback.
- DI : unrelated to population density.

9) Know the diff. biomes: aquatic & terrestrial.

- T: Grasslands, Desert, Savanna, Tropical Forest, Temperate Grasslands, Tundra, Polar Regions, Temperate Deciduous Forests, Coniferous Forest.

- A: Coral Reef, Lake, Estatuary, River, Wetland

10) What are the defining abiotic and biotic char.

- Abiotic: Climate(S,W, W, T), Rocks & Soil, and Periodic Disturbances.

- Biotic: Community è Population è Organism è Regulators or Conformers.

11) Know the differences/similarities b/t the terms biomass, primary productivity, gross, and net primary productivity.

- Biomass: A organic material which contains stored energy from the sun, which is renewable.
- PP: the rate at which light energy is converted by autotrophs.
- GPP: Total Primary Productivity of an ecosystem.
- NPP: GPP minus the energy used by the producers for cellular respiration.

12) Which biotic factors contribute to the levels of an energy pyramid.

- Diversity of Community & Population

13) Know the different forms of camouflage warning coloration/mimicry - purpose and specific examples.

- Aposematic Coloration : Bright-colored, Bee
- Bastesian Mimicry : Copycat, Monarch B-fly
- Cryptic Coloration : Blender, walking stick
- Mullerian mimicry : Mutual, Viceroy Butterfly
14) Know the different types of animal behavior and specific examples of each.

- Muscular: Predator chasing prey.
- Non-M: Animal secreting a phermone to attract.

15) Know how to interpret the 3 diff. forms of human demographics (stable, unstable, etc.)
- Calculate %’s of individual or both sexes at diff. ages.
- Calculate ratios of “ “ “
- How do birth and death rates affect these graphs
- How can you determine the trends of infant mortality and life expectancy from these graphs.

16) Know the arrangement of the different levels of biotic and abiotic factors from smallest to greatest, & vice-versa

17)Know that different forms of dispersion and which one is most common.

- All the abiotic factors (PD, RS, C) but esp. Climate.

18) Know the difference b/t K- and R-selected species, also know specific examples of animals which follow these patterns.

- K: equilibrial populations, Ex. Humans
- R: Opportunistic population, Ex. Mice

19)Know the 3 types of survivorship curves and examples of species for each curve.

- I: Mortality occurs in elders (Ex. Humans)
- II: Constant Mortality (Ex. Squirrels)
- III: Mortality occurs in early life (Ex. Oysters)

- Know that for the past 200 years that human population has experienced exponential growth

20) Know what kinds of social behaviors have lead to this growth.

- Industrial Revolution

21) Know the difference b/t the -ism’s.

- Predation: +/-
- Competition: 0/-
- Commensalism: +/0
- Symbiosis: +/+
- Parsitism: +/-

22) Know the difference b/t the term -troph’s

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